ABSTRACT
Entrepreneurship is characterized by great uncertainty and great risk in business, and entrepreneurs are personally ready to take risks in their business at any moment, predict future events and adapt to constant changes and to the dynamic market. The aim of this work is to analyze business entities in the Republic of Croatia from 2017-2021. who are obliged to submit annual financial statements, in order to draw conclusions about the decline or increase in business activities during the observed period and whether revenues increased or decreased during the observed period from 2017 to 2021, whether the number of entrepreneurs increased, such as is the trend of net salaries and analysis of all other business indicators. The paper analyzes the data of companies that are obliged to submit annual financial statements to the Financial Agency. Three hypotheses are presented in the paper, H1: business entities in the observed period from 2017-2021 show a decline in all business activities and this hypothesis is accepted, H2: during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of business entities and the number of employees decreased and this hypothesis is not accepted, H3: during the COVID-19 pandemic, the profits and revenues of companies are lower and this hypothesis is accepted. The research is based on up-to-date and accurate data from info.Biz, the e-service of the Financial Agency. Info.Biz collects accurate and up-to-date data from the financial reports of business entities, which business entities in the Republic of Croatia are obliged to submit to the Financial Agency every business year, according to the Accounting Act. On the basis of data from the info.Biz e-service, numerous conclusions can be drawn about economic indicators and business operations in the Republic of Croatia. Business entities obliged to submit annual financial reports in 2020 record a decline in all business activities and business results, while in 2021 they show a trend of growth in business indicators.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the thesis Challenges of cost management during the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of the company Pro kolekt d.o.o. is to present an analysis of the report, focusing on cost management in the observed time period in 2019 and 2020. The analysis is focused on the current crisis caused by the virus pandemic that greatly affected the company's operations and sought rapid adjustment of cost management to keep the company going in the new crisis. The subject of the thesis is to present the application of cost management theory in a crisis situation. The paper provides a detailed insight into the importance of timely response of managers in a crisis situation in which the company finds itself in order to preserve its business and survive in the market in the new conditions. In the first part, a theoretical framework for managing the operating costs of a modern company in the financial industry is set. Afterwards, crisis cost management is presented, with a look at the current crisis caused by the pandemic. In the last part, the analysis refers to the financial sustainability of the company's operations in the observed period, with proposals and other options for setting strategic plans and goals of the company in the future. The main goals of the thesis are: * to analyze available data on the development and changes during the virus pandemic * to collect and analyze available secondary data indicating changes in cost management * to explore the opinions of the company's managers on the success of the adjustment and the future of the company. In preparing this paper, secondary data collected from the professional literature will be used in order to lay the foundations for the analysis of cost management in the real sector during a pandemic. Secondary data will be processed by methods of analysis, comparison and synthesis.
ABSTRACT
[...]parties (e.g., Taulia, Oracle, C2FO) are well-known suppliers of supply chain finance and SFP services. [...]the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Interpretations Committee (IC) also received requests to improve RF accounting standards (Moody's Investors Service, letter to IFRS IC, AP3: Research summary, https:// bit.ly/3wi7dR7, 2020). The inclusion of RF amounts in trade payable excludes RF from key leverage and debt ratios and affects loan capacity, loan covenants, efficiency measures (e.g., cash flow from operating activities to sales) and potentially, market valuation (Nicola White, "Financing That Masks 'Hidden Debt' Stokes Accounting Anxiety," Bloomberg Law, January 6, 2020, https://bit.ly/3N86RTU). 3) Which disclosures will enhance transparency and allow financial statement users to appropriately evaluate liquidity, cash flow, and working capital?
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study is to analyze the usage of the statement of cash flows (SCF) by Japanese SMEs from the perspective of preparers. The paper analyzes how institutional mandates have shaped organizational behavior, and how these mandates reflect the country's social and cultural values. We analyze this premise in respect to the usage of the statement of cash flows by Japanese SMEs. The study relies on institutional theory and cultural values to help explain the results obtained from a survey questionnaire. We focus on financial reporting behavior when the SCF is a noncompulsory disclosure under SMEs general guidelines. We analyze different variables including intent to make a public offering and the number of professional accounting staff, and find firm size to be significantly associated with the recognition and production of the statement of cash flows. We believe that our findings will be useful to the Japanese government in designing SME economic guidance for capital growth to improve capabilities and ensure sustainability.